The following references are from "The Zone," by Dr. Barry Sears, which was published in 1995.

Introduction
Adams CWM, Abdulla YH, Bayliss OB, and Morgan RS. "Modfication of aortic atheroma and fatty liver in cholesterol fee rabbits by intravenous injection of saturated and polyunsaturated lecithins." J. Path. Bact. 94: 77-87 (1967)

Altman RFA, de Mendonca JM, Schaeffer GMV, Ramos de Souza J, Bandoli JG, ad Silva DJ, and Lopes CRN. "Phospholipids in experimental atherosclerosis." Arzeim-Frosch. (Drug Res.) 24: 11-16 (1974)

Byers SO and Friedman M. "Effect of infusion of phosphatides upon atherosclerotic aorta in situ and as an ocular aortic implant." J. Lipid Res. 1: 343-348 (1960)

Campannacci L, Guarnieri G, Faccine L, and Bellini G. "Response of plasma lipid fractions to adminstration of exogenous phospholipids." Arzneim-Frosch. (Drug Res.) 25: 1306-1308 (1975)

Cazzolato AP, Bittolo BG, Quinci GB, Belussi F, Mantero O, and Conti F. "Modification of lipids, lipoproteins and plasma apolipoproteins induced by a phospholipid extracted from calf liver." Pharm. Res. Comm. 9: 885-892 (1977) Friedman M, Byers SO, and Rosenman RH. "Resolution of aortic atherosclerotic infiltrations in rabbit by phosphatide infusion." Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 95: 586-588 (1957)

Howard AN, Patelski J, Bowyer DE, and Gresham GA. "Atherosclerosis induced in hypercholesterolemic baboons by immunoloigcal injury and the effects of intravenous polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine." Atherosclerosis 14: 17-29 (1971)

Maurukas J and Thomas RG. "Treatment of experimental atherosclerosis in the rabbit with L,D alpha (dimyristoly) lecithin." J. Lab. Clin. Med. 55: 30-37 (1960)

Patelski J, Bowyer DE, Howard AN, Jennings IW, Thorne CJR, and Gresham GA. "Modification of enzyme activities in experimental atherosclerosis in the rabbit." Atherosclerosis 12: 41-53 (1970)

Stafford WW and Day CE. "Regression of atherosclerosis effected by intravenous phospholipid." Artery 1: 106-114 (1975)

Chapter 1--Life in the Zone
Books
Pele with Fish RL. "My Life and the Beautiful Game: The Autobiography of
Pele." Garden City. New York, NY (1977)

Pritikin N and McGrady P. "The Pritikin Program for Diet and Exercise." Grosset
and Dunlap, New York, NY. (1979)

Articles
"Are You Eating Right?" Consumer Reports pp. 644-651 (1992)

Chapter 2--The Fattening of America
Books
Atkins RC. "Dr. Atkins Diet Revolution."
Bantam. New York, NY (1972)

Bailey C. "The New Fit or Fat" Houghton Mufflin. Boston, MA (1991)

Bernstein RK. "Diabetes Type II" Prentice Hall Press. New York, NY. (1990)

Erzin C and Kowalski RE. "The Endocrine Control Diet." Harper and Row. New York, NY (1990)

Heller RF and Heller RF. "The Carbohydrate Addicts's Diet." Penguin. New York, NY. (1991)

Tarnower H and Baker SS. "The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet." Rawson Wade. New York, NY (1978)

Articles
Brandes J. "Insulin induced overating in the rat." Physiol. Rev. 18:1095-1102 (1977)

Colditz GA. "Economic costs of obesity." Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 55: 503S-507S (1992) Coulston AM, Liu GC, and Reaven GM. "Plasma glucose, insulin and lipid responses to high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets in normal humans." Metabol. 32: 52-56 (1983)

Kern PA, Ong JM, Soffan B, and Carty J. "The effects of weight loss on the
activity and expression of adipose-tissue lipoprotein lipire in very obese individuals." N. Eng. J. Med. 322: 1053-1059 (1990)

Felig P and Wahren J. "Fuel homeostasis in exercise." N. Eng. J. Med. 293: 1078-1084 (1975)

Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. "Energy and Protein Requirements" WHO Techical Report, serial no. 724 (1985)

Friedman JE and Lemon PWA. "Effect of chronic endurance exercise on retention of dietary protein." Int. J. Sports Med 10: 118-223 (1989)

Grandjean AC. "Macronutrient intake of U.S. athletes compared with the general population and recomendations made to athletes." Am. J. Clin. Nut. 49:1070-1076 (1989)

Gontzea I, Sutzescu R, and Damitrache S. "The influence of adaptation to physical effort on nitorgen balance in man." Nutr. Rep. Int. 11: 231-236 (1975) Gontzea I. Sutzescu R, and Dumictrache S. "The influence of muscular activity on nitrogen balance and on need of man for protein." Nutr. Rep. Int. 10: 35-39 (1974) Hamm P, Shekelle RB, and Stamler J. "Large fluctuations in body weight during young adulthood and 25-years risk of coronary death in me." Am. J. Epidemiol. 129: 312-318 (1989) Hannon BM, and Lohman TG. "The energy cost of overweight in the United States." American J. Public Health 68: 765-767 (1978)

Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, and Tyalor RH. "Glycemic index of foods: a physiological bBasis forcarbohydrate exchange." Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34: 362-366 (1981)

Kaczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Comptede SM, Johnson CL. "Increasing prevalence of overweight among U.S. adults." JAMA 272: 205-239 (1994)

Kanarek R, Marks-Kaufman R, and Lipeles B. "Increased carbohydrate intake is a function of insulin administration in rats." Physiol. Behav. 25: 779-782 (1980)

Kekwick A and Pawar GLS. "Calorie intake in relation to body weight changes in the obese." Lancet ii: 155-161(1956) Kekwick A and Pawan GLS. "Metabolic study in human obesity with isocaloric diets high in fat, protein and carbohydrate." Metab. 6: 447-460 (1957)

Laurier D, Guiguet M, Chan NP, Wells JA, and Valleron AJ. "Prevalence of obesity: a comparative survey in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States." Int. J. Obesity 16: 565-572 (1992) Lee IM and Paffenbarger RS. "Change in body weight and longevity" J. Am. Med. Assoc. 268: 2045-2049 (1992) Lisser L, Odell PM, D'Agostino RB, Stokes J, Kraeger BE, Bellanger MA, and Brownell KD. "Variability of body weight and health outcomes in the Framingham population." N. Eng. J. Med. 324: 1839-1844 (1991)

Meredith CN, Zockin MJ, Frontera WR, Evans WJ. "Dietary protein requirements and body protein metabolism in endurance-trained men." J. Appl. Physiol. 66: 2850-2856 (1989)

Norman AW and Litwack G. "Pancretic Hormones" in Hormones. Academic Press. New York, NY. pp. 264-319 (1987) Sadur CN and Eckel RH. "Insulin stimulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein Lipase" J. Clin. Invest. 69: 1119-1123 (1982)

Swisklocki AM, Chen YD, Goley MA, Cheng MO, and Reaven GM. "Insulin suppression of plasma-free fatty acid concentration in normal and indiviudals or patients with type II (non-insulin dependent) diabetes." Diabetologia 30: 622-626 (1987) Wolever TMS. "Relationship between dietary fiber content and composition in foods and the glycemic index." Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 51: 72-75 (1990)

Wolever TMS, Jenkins DJA, Jenkins AA, and Josse RG. "The glycemic index: methodology and chemical implications." Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 54: 846-854 (1991)

Young VR and Pellart PL. "Plant protein in relation to human protein and amino acid nutrition." Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 59: 203S-212S (1994) Young VR. "Protein and amino acid requirements in humans". Scand. J. Nutr. 36: 47-56 (1992) Young VR, Bier DM, and Pellert PL. "A theoretical basis for increasing current estimates of the amino acid requirements in adult men with experimental support." Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 50: 80-92 (1989) Chapter 3-The Hormonal Effects of Food Books Atkins RC. "Dr. Atkins New Diet Revolution." M. Evans. New York, NY (1992)

Chapter 3--The Hormonal Effects of Food
Books
Bernstein RK. "Diabetes Type II" Prentice Hall Press. New York, NY. (1990)

Eades M. "Thin So Fast" Warner Books. New York, NY (1989)

Erzin C and Kowalski RE. "The Endocrine Control Diet." Harper and Row. New York, NY (1990)

Heller RF and Heller RF. "The Carbohydrate Addicts's Diet." Penguin. New York, NY. (1991)

Norman AW and Litwack G. "Hormones." Academic Press. New York, NY.
(1987)

Winick M (ed). "Nutrition and Gastroenterology." John Wiley and Sons. New York, NY (1980)

Articles
Unger RH. "Glucagon and the insulin:glucagon ratio in diabetes and other catabolic illnesses." Diabetes 20 834-838 (1971)

Chapter 4--Eicosanoid-Short Course
Books
Chakrin LW and Bailey DM (eds.) "The Leukotrienes." Academic Press. New York, NY (1984)

Herman AG, Van houtle PM, Denolin H, and Goossons A (eds). "Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Prostglandins." Raven Press. New York,NY (1982)

Lands, WEM. "Fish and Human Health," Academic Press. New York, NY (1986)

Ninneman JL. "Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and the Immune Response"
Cambridge University Press. New York, NY (1988) Thaler-Dao H, Crastes de Paulet A, and Paoletti R. "Icosanoids and Cancer." Raven Press, New York. (1984)

Willis AL. "Handbook of Eicosanoids, Prostglandins and Related Lipids," CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL (1987)

Articles
Bergstrom S, Rhyhage R, Samuelsson B, and Sorval J. "The Structure of prostaglandins E1, E1a and F1B" J. Biol. Chem. 238: 3555-3565 (1963)
Burr GO and Burr MR. "On the nature and role of the fatty acids essential in nutrition." J. Biol Chem. 86: 587-621 (1930) Burr GO and Burr MR. "A new deficiency disease produced by rigid exclusion of fat from the diet." J. Biol. Chem. 82: 345-367 (1929)

Hamberg M and Samuelsson B. "Detection and isolation of an endoperoxide
intermediate in prostaglandin bysyntheses." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70: 899-903 (1973)

Hamberg M, Swensson J,Wakabayashi T, and Samuelsson B. "Isolation and structure of two prostaglandin endoperoxides that cause platelet aggregation." Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 71: 345-349 (1974)

Hamberg M, Svensson J, and Samuelsson B. "Thromboxanes: a new group of biologically active compounds derived from prostaglandin endoperoxides." Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 72: 2994-2998 (1975)

Johnson RA, Morton DR, Kinver JA, Gorman RR, McGuire JC, Sun FF, Whither N, Bunting S, Salmon J, Moncada S, and Vane JR. "The chemical structure of prostaglandin X (prostacyclin)." Prostaglandins 12: 915-928 (1976)

Pek SB and Walsh MF. "Leukotrienes stimulate insulin released from rat pancreas" Proc. Nat. Acad Sci USA 82: 2199-2202 (1984)

Metz S, van Rollins M, Strife R, Fujimoto W, and Robertson RP. "Lipoxygenase pathway in islet endrocrine cells--oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid promotes insulin release." J. Clin. Invest. 71: 1191-1205 (1983)

Metz, S., Fujimoto, W., and Robertson, RO. "Modulation of insulin secretion by cyclic AMP and prostagladin E." Metabolsim 31: 1014-1033 (1982)

Moncada S. Gryglewsk R., Bunting S. and Vane JR. "An enzyme isolated from arteries transforms prostaglandin endoperoxides to an unstable substance that inhibits platelet aggregation," Nature (London) 263: 663-665 (1976)

Robertson RP, Gavarenski DJ, Porte D, and Bierman EL. "Inhibition of in vivo insulin secretion by prostaglandin E1" J. Clin Invest. 54: 310-315 (1974)

Robertson RP. "Prostaglandins, glucose homeostasis and diabetes mellitus." Ann. Rev. Med. 34: 1-12 (1983)

Samuelsson B. "On incorporation of oxygen in the conversion of 8, 11, 14 eicoatrienoic acid into prostaglandin E." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89: 3011-3013 (1965)

Sears B. "Essential fatty acids and dietary endocronology." J. Adv. Med. 6:
211-224 (1993)

Serhan CN. "Lipoxin biosysnthesis and its impact in inflamatory and vascular events." Biochim Biophys. Acta 1212: 1-25 (1994)

von Euler US. "On the specific vasodilating and plain muscle stimulating substances from accessory genital glands in men and certain animals (prostaglandins and vesiglandin)." J. Physiol (London) 88: 213-234 (1936)

Chapter 5--Elite Athletes in the Zone
Books
Haas R. "Eat to Win" Rawson Associates. New York, NY (1983)

Viru A. "Hormones in Muscular Activity," CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL (1985)

Articles
Balson PD, Ekblom B, and Sjodin B. "Enhanced oxygen availability during
high intensity intermittent exercise decreases anaerobic metabolite concentrations in blood." Acta Physiol Scand 150 455-456 (1994)

Chandler RM, Byrne HK, Patterson JG, and Ivy JL. "Dietary supplements affect the anabolic hormones after weight-training exercise." J. Appl. Physiol 76: 839-845 (1994)

Crist DM, Peake GT, Egan PA, and Waters DL. "Body composition response to exogenenous GH during training in highly conditioned adults." J. Appl. Physiol. 65: 579-584 (1988)

Ekblom B and Berglund B. "Effect of erythropoietin administration on maximal aerobic power." Scand J Med Sci Sports 1 88-93 (1991)

Gaitanos G, Williams C, Boobis LH, and Brooks S. "Human muscle metabolism during intermittent maximal exercise." J Appl Physiol 75 712-719 (1993)

Lamb DR, Rinehardt KF, Bartels RL, Sherman WM, and Snook JT. "Dietary carbohydrate and intensity of interval swim training." Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 52: 1058-1063 (1990)

Muoio DM, Leddy JJ. Horvath PJ, Awad AB, and Pendergast DR. "Effect of
dietary fat on metabolic adjustments to maximal VO2 and endurance in runners." Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 26: 81-88 (1994)

Phinney SD, Bistrian BR, Evans WJ, Gervino E, and Blackburn GL. "The human metabolic response to chronic ketosis without caloric restriction." Metabolism 32: 769-776 (1983)

Sherman WM, Doyle JA, Lamb DR, and Strauss RH. "Dietary carbohydrate, muscle glycogen and exercise performance during 7d of training," Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 57: 21-31 (1993)

Whitten P. "Stanford's Secret Weapon." Swimming World 34: 28-33 (1993)

Zawadzki KM, Yaspelkis BB, and Ivy JL. "Carbohydrate-protein complex increases the rate of muscle glycogen storage after exercise." J. Appl. Physiol. 72: 1854-1859 (1992)

Chapter 6--Exercise in the Zone
Books
Bailey C.. "The New Fit or Fat." Houghton Mifflin. Boston, MA (1991)

Bailey C. "Smart Exercise," Houghton Mifflin. Boston, MA (1994)

Edwards, S. "The Heart Rate Monitor Book." Fleet Feet Press, Sacrsmento, Ca. 1992

Norman AW and Litwock G. "Hormones." Academic Press. New York, NY (1987)

Stanford, B.A. and Shimer, P. "Fitness Without Exercise." Warner Books. New York, NY (1990)

Viru A. Hormones in Muscular Activity. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Fla. (1983)

Articles
Astrom C. and Trojaboy W. "Effect of growth hormone on human sleep
energy." Clinical Endrocrinology 36: 241-245 (1992)

Astrom C and Lundholm J. "Growth hormone deficient young adults have
decreased deep sleep." Neuroendocrinology 51: 82-84 (1990)

Astrom C, Petersen SA, and Lindholm J. "The influence of growth hormone in sleep in adults with growth hormone deficiencies." Clinical Endrocrinology 33: 495-500 (1990)

Bak JF, Moeller N, and Schmitic O. "Effects of growth hormone on fuel utilization and muscle glycogen sysnthesis activity in normal humans." Amer. J. Physiol. 260: E736-742 (1991)

Chatzipanteli K, Rudolph S, and Axelrod L. "Coordinate control of lipolysis by prostaglandins E2 and prostacyclin in rat adipose tissue." Diabetes 41: 927-935 (1992)

Crist DM, Peake GT, Egan PA, and Waters DL. "Body composition respone to exogenenous GH during training in highly conditioned adults." J. Appl. Physiol. 65: 579-584 (1988)

Galbo H, Holst JJ, and Christensen NJ. "Glucagon and plasma catecholamine response to graded and prolonged exercise in man." J. Appl. Physiol. 38: 70-76 (1975)

Galbo H, Holst JJ, and Christensen NJ. "The effect of different diets of insulin on the hormonal response to prolonged exercise." Acta Physiol Scand. 107: 19-32 (1979)

Hartman ML, Clayton PE, Johnson ML, et al. "A low-dose euglycemic infusion of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I rapidly suppresses fasting-enhanced pulsatile growth hormone secretion in humans." J. Clin. Invest. 91: 2453-2462 (1993)

Janssen PGJM. "Heart rate monitoring for estimation of training intensity." in Medicine in Sports Training and Coaching. Karvonen J, Lemon PWR, and Iliev I (eds). Krager. Basel, Switzerland pp. 115-159 (1992)

Metiver G. "The effects of long-lasting physical exercise and training on hormonal regulation in metobolic adaptation to prolonged physical exercise." Howard H and Poortmann JR. (eds). Birkhauser Verlag. Basel, Switzerland. pp 276-285 (1975)

Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL and Hsieh C. "Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni." N. Engl. J. Med. 314: 615-613 (1986)

Paffenbarger RS, Wing AL, and Hyde RT. "Physical activity as an index of heart attack risk in college alumni." Am. J. Epidemiology 108: 161-175 (1978)

Paffenbarger RS and Hale WE. "Work activity and coronary heart mortality." N. Engl. J. Med. 292: 1109-1114 (1970)

Racette SB, Schoeller DA, Kushner RF, Neil KM, and Herling-Iaffaldano K. "Effects of aerobic exercise and dietary carbohydrate on energy expenditure and body composition during weight reduction in obese women." Am J Clin Nutr 61 486-494 (1995)

Roth J, Gluck SM, Yalow RS, and Berson SA. "The influence of blood glucose on the plasma concentration of growth hormone." Diabetes 13: 355-361 (1964)

Rudman D, Feller AG, Hagraj HS, Gerhans GA, Lalitha PY, and Goldberg AF. "Effects of human growth hormone in man over 60 years old." N. Engl. J. Med. 323: 1-6 1990.

Scheele K. Harzog W, Ruthaler G, Wirth A, and Wencher H. "Metabolic adaptation
to prolonged exercise." Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 41: 101-106 (1982)

Schofield JG. "Prostaglandin E1 and the release of growth hormon in vitro." Nature 228: 179 (1970)

Takahoski Y, Kipmis DM, and Daughaday WH. "Growth hormone secretion during sleep." J. Clin. Invest. 47: 2079-2090 (1968)

Weltman A, Weltman JY, Schurrer R, Evans WS, Veldhuis JD, and Rogal AD. "Endurance training amplifies the pulsatile release of growth hormone: effects of training intensity." J. Appl. Physiol. 72: 2188-2196 (1992)

Yamashita S and Melmed S. "Effects of insulin on rat anterior pituitary cells: inhibition of growth hormone secretion and mRNA levels." Diabetes 35: 440-447 (1986)

Chapter 7--Boundaries of the Zone
Books
Atkins RC. "Dr. Atkins New Diet Revolution." M. Evans. New York, NY (1992)

Norman AW and Litwack G. "Hormones." Academic Press. New York, NY (1987)

Articles
Dek SB and Walsh MF. "Leukotrienes stimulate insulin release from rat pancreas." Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 2199-2202 (1985)

Kern PA, Ong JM, Soffan B, and Carty J. "The effects of weight loss on the
activity and expression of adipose-tissue lipoprotein lipase in very obese individuals." N. Eng. J. Med. 322: 1053-1059 (1990)

Hamm P, Shekelle RB, and Stamler J. "Large fluctuations in body weight during young adulthood and 25-years risk of coronary death in me." Am. J. Epidemiol. 129: 312-318 (1989)

Lee IM and Paffenbarger RS. "Change in body weight and longevity" JAMA 268: 2045-2049 (1992)

Lisser L, Odell PM, D'Agostino RB, Strokes J, Kreger BE, Belanger AJ, and Brownell KD. "Variability of body weight and health outcomes in the Framingham population." N. Eng. J. Med. 324: 1839-1844 (1991)

Sadur CN and Echel RH. "Insulin stimulation of adipose tissue lipoportein lipase." J. Clin Invest. 69: 1119-1123 (1982)

Silver MJ, Hoch W, Koesis JJ, IngermanCM, and Smith JB. "Arachidonic acid causes sudden death in rabbits." Science 183: 1035-1037 (1974)

Simsolo RB, Ong, JM, Saffari B, and Kern PA. "Effect of improved diabetes control onthe expression of lipoprotein lipase in human adipose tissue." J. Lipid Res. 33: 89-95 (1992)

Westphal SA, Gannon MC, and Nutrall FQ. "Metabolic response to glucose
ingested with various amounts of protein." Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62: 267-272 (1990)

Yost TJ and Eckel RH. "Fat calories may be preferenitally stored in reduced-obese women: a permissive pathway for resumption of the obese state." J. Clin. Endocrin. 67: 259-264 (1988)

Chapter 8--Your Dietary Roadmap to the Zone
Books
Eades, M. "Thin So Fast." Warner Books. New York, NY (1989)

Articles
Baile CA, McLaughlin CL, and Della-Fera MA. "Role of cholecysotokinin
and opiod peptides in control of food intake." Physiol. Rev. 66: 172-234 (1986)

Del Valle J and Yamada T. "The gut as an endocrine organ." Ann. Rev. Med. 41: 447-455 (1990)

Friedman JE and Lemon PWR. Effect on chronic endurance exercise on retention of dietary protein.Ó Int. J. Sports Med. 10: 118-123 (1989)

Gibbs J, Young RD, and Smith GP. "Cholecystokinin decreases food intake in rats." J. Com. Physiol Psychol. 84: 488-495 (1973)

Gontzea I, Sutzesau, P and Dumitrache S. "Influence of muscular activity on nitrogen balance and on the need of man for proteins." Nut. Rep. Int. 10: 35-39 (1974)

Gontzea I, Sutzesau P, and Dumitrache S. "The influence of adaptation to physical effort on nitrogen balance in man." Nutr. Rep. Int. 11: 231-236 (1975)

Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS Vukson S, Brighenti F, Cunnane SC, Rao AV, Jenkins AL, Buckley G, and Singer W. "Nibbling versus gorging: metabolic advantages of increased meal frequency." N. Eng. J. Med. 32:1 929-934 (1989)

Meredith CN, Zackin MJ. Frontera WR, and Evans WJ "Dietary protein
requirements and body protein metabolism in endurance-training men." J. App. Physiol. 6: 2850-2856 (1989)

Schwartz MW, Figlewicz DP, Baskin DG, Woods SC, and Porte D. "Insulin in the brain a hormonal regulation of energy balance." Endocrine Rev. 43: 387-414 (1992)

Tarnopolsky MA, MacDougall JD, and Atkinson SA. "Influence of protein intake and training status on nitrogen balance and lean body mass." J. Appl. Physiol. 64: 187-193 (1988)

Welch IML, Bruce C, Hill SE, and Reed NW. "Duodenal and ileal lipid supresses post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses in men: possible implication for dietary management of diabetes mellitus." Clin Sci 72: 209-216 (1987)

Wolever TMS, Jenkins DJA, Jenkins AC, and Josse RG. "The glycemic index: methodology and clinical implication." Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 54: 846-854 (1991)

Wolever TMS, Jenkins DJA, Collier GR, Lee R, Wong GS, and Josse RG.
"Metabolic response to test meals containingt different carbohydrates foods: relationship between rate of digestion and plasma insulin response." Nutr. Res. 8: 573-581 (1988)

Chapter 9-- Evolution and the Zone
Books Crawford M and Marsh D. "The Driving Force. Food, Evolution and the Future." Harper and Row, New York (1989)

Eaton SB, Shostalle M, and Konner M. "The Paleolithic Prescription." Harper and Row. New York, NY (1988).

Hayflick L. "How and Why We Age." Ballantine Books. New York, NY (1994)

Articles
Aiello LC and Wheeler P. "The expensive-tissue hypothesis." Current
Anthropology 36 199-221 (1995)

Eaton SB and Konner MJ. "Paleolithic nutrition." N. Engl. J. Med. 312: 283-289 (1985)

Eaton SB. "Humans, lipids and evolution." Lipids, 27: 814-820 (1992)

Hollenbeck C and Reaven GM. "Variations in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in healthy individuals with normal glucose tolerance." J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 64: 1169-1173 (1987)

Chapter 10--Vitamins, Minerals and the Zone
Articles
2 Alpha Tocopherol, Beta Carotene, Cancer Prevention Study Group. "The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on incidences of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers." N. Eng. J. Med. 330: 1029-1035 (1994)

Block G, Patterson B, and Safar A. "Fruit, vegetables and cancer prevention." Nutr. Cancer. 18: 1-29 (1992)

Blot WJ, Li JY, Taylor PR, Gauo W, Damsey SM, Wang GQ, Yang CS, Zheng SF. Gail M, and Li GY. "Nutritional intervention trials in Linxion, China." J. Nat. Cancer Res. 85: 1483-1492 (1993)

Colditz GA, Branch LG, Lipnick RJ, Willett WC, Rosner B, Posner BM, and Hennekens CH. "Increased green and leafy vegetable intake and lowered cancer deaths in an elderly population." Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 41: 32-36 (1985)

Polyp Prevention Group. "A clinical trial of antioxident vitamins to prevent colorectal ademona." N. Engl. J. Med. 331: 141-147 (1994)

Rimon EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Giovannucc E, Colditz GA, and Willett WC. "Vitamin E consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in men." N. Engl. J. Med. 328: 1450-1456 (1993)

Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH, Mason JE, Colditz GA, Rosner B, and Willett WC. "Vitamin E consumption and risk of coronary disease in women." N. Eng. J. Med. 32: 1444-1449 (1993)

Shekelle RB, Lepper M, and Liu S. "Dietary vitamin A and risk of cancer in the Western Electric Study." Lancet ii: 1185-1190 (1981)

Steinmetz KA and Potter JC. "Vegetables, fruit and cancer." Cancer Causes Control 325: 325-357 (1991)

Ziegler RG, Subar AF, Craft DE, Ursin G, Patterson BH, and Graubard BT. "Does beta carotene explain why reduced cancer risk is associated with vegetable and fruit intake?" Cancer Res. 52: 2060s-2066s (1992)

Chapter 11-- Aspirin the Wonder Drug
Books
Castleman M. "An Aspirin a Day." Hyperion. New York, NY (1993)

Herman AG Venhoutte PM, Denolin H, and Gooseen A (eds). "Cardiovacular Pharmacology of Protaglandins." Raven Press. New York, NY (1992)

Mann CC and Plummer ML. "The Aspirin Wars." Alfred Knopf. New York, NY (1991)

Ninneman JL. "Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and the Immune Response"
Cambridge University Press. New York, NY (1988)

Articles
Basheva G, Nasslg ML, Rice AL, Counts RB, and Mistoch GA. "Preoperative aspirin therapy and the reoperation for bleeding after coronary and artery bypass surgery." Arch. Int. Med. 15: 89-93 (1991)

Benigni A, Gregorini G, Frusca T, Chiabrando C, Ballerini S, Volcamonico A, Orisho S, Piccelli A, Pincroli V, Ianelli R, Gastaldi A, and Remuzzi G. "Effect of low dose aspirin on fetal and maternal gererating thromboxane by platelets in women at risk for pegnancy-induced hypertension." N. Engl. J. Med. 321: 357-362 (1989)

Brunda MJ, Haberman RB, Holden HT. "Inhibition of natural killer cell activity by prostaglandin." J. Immunol. 124: 2682-2587 (1980)

Burch JW, Stanford N, and Majerus PW. "Inhibition of platelet prostaglandin synthesis by oral aspirin." J. Clin Invest. 62: 314-319 (1979)

Coceani F, Bishai I, Hynes N, Lees J, and Sirko S. "Prostaglandin E2 as central messenger of fevers" in New Trends in Lipid Mediators Research. Brogeret P and Robinson L (eds). S. Karger. Basel, Switzerland. pp 183-186 (1989)

Collins PW. "Misoprostol; discovery development and chemical applications." Med. Res. Rev. 10: 149-172 (1990)

Craven LL. "Prevention of coronary and cerebral thrombosis." Mississippi Valley Med. J. 78: 213-218 (1956)

Dutch TIA Trial Study Group. "A comparison of two doses of aspirin (30 mg and 283 mg a day) in patients after a transient ischemic attack or minor stroke." N. Engl. J. Med. 325: 1261-1266 (1991)

Ferreria SH, Moncada S, and Vane JR. "Indomethacin and aspirin abolish
prostaglandin release from the spleen." Nature (London) New Biol. 231: 237-239 (1971)

Hamberg M, Svensson J, and Samuelsson B. "Thromboxanes: a new group of biologically active compounds dervied from prostaglandin and peroxides." Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 72: 2994-2998 (1975)

Hawthorne AB, Mahida YR, Cole AT, and Hawkey CJ. "Aspirin-induced gastric muscosal damage." Br. J. Clin. Pharmocology 32: 77-83 (1991)

Imperiate TF and Stollenwerk-Petrulles A. "A meta anaysis of low-dose aspirin for preventing of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disease." JAMA 266: 260-264 (1991)

Lewis DH, Davis JW, Archibald DG, Steinte WE, Smitherman TC, Doherty JE, Schnaper HW, LeWinter MM, Linares E., Pouget JM, Sabharwal SC, Chandler E, and DeMotis H. "Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina." N. Engl. J. Med. 309: 396-403 (1983)

Paganini-Hill A, Chad A, Ross RK, and Henderson BE. "Aspirin use and chronic diseases." Br. Med. J. 299: 1247-1250 (1989)

Roth GJ and Majerus PW. "The mechanism of the effect of aspirin on human platelets." J. Clin. Invest. 50: 624-632 (1975)

Roth GJ and Siok CJ. "Acetylation of the NH2-terminal series of prostaglandin synthesase by aspirin." J. Biol. Chem. 253: 3782-3784 (1975)

Roth GJ, Stanford N,. and Majerus PW. "Acetylation of prostaglandin synthesase by aspirin." Proc. Nat. Acad Sci. USA 72: 3073-3076 (1975)

SALT Collaborative Group. "Swedish aspirin low-dose trial (SALT) of 75 mg aspirin as secondary prophylaxis after cerebravasular schemic agents." Lancet 338: 1345-1349 (1991)

Steering Committee of the Physician Health Study Research Group. "Preliminary report findings from the aspirin component of the ongoing physician health study." N. Engl. J. Med. 320: 262-264 (1988)

Szczeklik A. "Aspirin induced asthma." Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 90: 70-75 (1989)

Taiwo YO and Levine JD. "Prostaglandins inhibit endogenous pain control
mechanism by blocking transmission at spinal noradrengenic synapses." J. Neurosci 8: 1346-1349 (1988)

Thun MJ, Namboodiri MM, and Heath CW. "Aspirin use and reduced risk of fatal colon cancer." N. Engl. J. Med. 325: 1593-1596 (1991)

Uda R, Horiguchi S, Ito S, Hydro M, and Hayaishi O. "Nocieptive effects induced by intrathecal adminstration of prostaglandins D2, E2, or F2 alpha in conscious mice." Brain Res. 510: 26-32 (1990)

Vane JR. "Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action of aspirinlike drugs." Nature (London) New Biol. 231: 232-235 (1971)

Weiss JH. "Aspirin; a dangerous drug?"JAMA 229: 1221-1222 (1974)

Williams WR. "Aspirin-sensitive asthma." Int. Arch. Allergy and Appl.Immunol. 95: 303-308 (1991)

Chapter 12-- Eicosanoids-Long Course
Books
Herman AG, Van houtle PM, Denolin H, and Goossen A (eds). Cardiovascular Pharmacology of the Prostaglandins. Raven Press. New York, NY (1982)

Jensen RG. "The Lipids of Human Milk." CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL (1989)

Lands WEM. "Fish and Human Health," Academic Press. New York, NY (1986)

Ninnemam JL. "Prostaglandins, Leukotriene, and the Immune Response,"
Cambridge University Press. New York, NY (1988)

Schror K and Sinziner H (eds). "Prostaglandins in Clinical Research." Liss. New York, NY (1989)

Sinclair A and Gibson R. "Essential Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids," Amer. Oil Chem, Soc. Champaign, IL (1992)

Sinzinger H and Rogatti W (eds). Prostaglandin E1 in Atherosclerosis.
Springer-Verlag. New York, NY (1986)

Watkins WD, Petersen MB, and Fletcher JR. (eds). "Prostaglandins in Clinical Practice." Raven Press. New York, NY (1989)

Willis, AL "Handbook of Eicosanoids, Prostagladins and Related Lipids." CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. (1987)

Articles
Adam O. "Polyenoic fatty acid metobolism and effects on prosaglandin
biosynthesis in adults and aged persons." in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids. Amer Oil Chem Soc Press. Champaign, IL. pp 213-219 (1987)

Addison RF, Zinck ME, Ackman RG, and Sipos JC. "Behavior of DDT,
polychlorinated bybeniyls (PCB's) and dieldrin at various stages of refining of marine oils for eidble use," J. Am Oil. Chem. Soc. 55: 391-394 (1978)

Addison RF and Ackman RG. "Removal of organic chlorine pesticides and
polychlorinated biphenyls from marine oils during refining and hydrogenation for edible use. " J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 51: 192-194 (1974)

Ayala S, Gasper G, Brenner RR, Peluffo, R and Kunau WJ. "Fate of linoleic, arachidonic and docosatetraonoic acids in rat testicles." J. Lipid Res. 14: 296-305 (1973)

Blond JP and Lemarchel P. "A study on the effect of alpha linolenic acid on the desaturation of dihomo gamma linolenic acid using rat liver homogenates," Repro. Nutr. Dev. 24: 1-10 (1984)

Bourre JM, Piciotti M, and Dumont O. " Delta 6 desaturere in brain and liver during development and aging" Lipids 25: 354-356 (1990)

Brenner RR. "Nutrition and hormonal factors influencing desaturation of essential fatty acids." Prog. Lipid Res. 20: 41-48 (1982)

Chapkin RS, Somer SD, and Erickson KL. "Dietary manipulation of macrophage phosphlipid classes: selective increase of dihomogamma linoleic acid" Lipids 23: 776-770 (1988)

Cleland LG Jones MJ, Neuman MA, D'Angel M, and Gibson RA. "Linoleate inhibits EPA incorporation from dietary fish oil supplements in human subjects." Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 55: 395-399 (1992)

Collins PW. "Misoprostol: discovery, development and chemical applications." Med. Res. Rev. 10: 149-172 (1990)

Earle CM, Kenough EJ, Wisniewski ZS, Tulloch AGS, Lord DJ, Walters GR, and Glatthear C. "Prostaglandin E1 therapy for impotence, comparison with papaverine." J. Urology 143: 57-59 (1990)

Gann PH, Hennekens CH, Sacks FM, Grodstein F, Giovannucci EL, and Stampfer MJ. "Prospective study of plasma fatty acids and risk of prostate cancer," J. National Cancer Institute 86: 281-286 (1994)

Garcia PT and Holman RT. "Competitive inhibitions in the metabolism of
polyunsaturated fatty acids studied via the composition of the phospholipids, triglyercides and cholesterol esters of rat tissues," J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 42: 1137-1141 (1965)

Gauglitz EJ and Greegan EH. "Adsorptive bleaching and molecular distillation of menhaden oil" J. Amer. Oil Chem Soc. 42: 561-563 (1965)

Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Ascherio A, and Willett WC. "Intake of fat, meat, and fiber in relation to risk of colon cancer in men." Cancer Res. 54: 2390-2397 (1994)

Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Chute CC, and Willett WC. "Prospective study of dietary fat and rich of prostate cancer." J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 85: 1571-1579 (1993)

Gibson RA and Kneebone GM. "Fatty acid composition of human colostrum and mature human milk," Am. J. Clin Nutr. 34: 252-256 (1981)

Kirtland, S.J. "Prostglandin E1: A review." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 32: 165-174 (1988)

Koosis Vand Sondergaard J. "PGE1 in normal skin: methodological evaluation topographical distribution and data related to sex and age." Arch Dermatol. Res. 275: 9-13 (1983)

Hill EG, Johnson SB, Lawson LD, Mahfouz MM, and Holman RT. "Perturbation of the metabolism of essential fatty acids by dietary partially hydrogenated vegetable oil." Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 953-957 (1982)

Horrobin DF. "Loss of delta 6 desatures activity as a key factor in aging." Med. Hypothesis 7: 1211-1220 (1981)

Mensink RP and Katan MB. "Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on high-density and low-density lipoprotein levels in healthy subjects." N. Engl. J. Med. 323: 439-445 (1990)

Nassar BA, Huang YS, Manku MS, Das UM, Morse N, and Horrobin DF. "The influence of dietary manipulation with n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on liver and plasma phospholipids fatty acids in rats." Lipids 21: 652-656 (1986)

Phinney S. "Potential risk of prolonged gamma-linolenic acid use." Ann. Int Med 120 692 (1994)

See J, Shell W, Matthews O, Canizales C, Vargos M, Giddings J, and Cerrone J."Prostaglandin E1 infusion after angioplasty in humans inhibits abrupt occulsion and early restenosis," Adv. Prost. Throboxane and Leukotriene Res. 17: 266-270 (1987)

Schofield JG."Prostglandin E1 and the release of growth hormone in vitro." Nature 228: 179 (1970)

Stone KJ, Willis AL, Hurt M, Kirtland SJ, Kernoff PBA, and McNichol GF. "The metabolism of dihomo gamma linolenic acid in man," Lipids 14: 174-180 (1979)

Williams LL, Doody DM, and Horrocks LA. "Serum fatty acid proportions are altered during the year following acute Epstein-Barr virus infection." Lipids 23: 981-988 (1988)

Chapter 13--The Zone and Your Heart
Books
Bernstein RK. "Diabetes Type II". Prentice Hall. New York, NY (1990)

Lands WEM. "Fish and Human Health". Academic Press. New York, NY. (1986)

Moore TJ. "Heart Failure". Random House. New York, NY (1989)

Moore TJ. "Lifespan". Simon and Shuster. New York, NY (1993)

Sinzinger H and Rogatti W (eds.) "Prostaglandin E1 in Atherosclerosis".
Spinger-Verlag. New York, NY. (1986)

Articles
"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Workshop on antihypertensive
treatment: the benefits, costs, and choices." Hypertension 13: 1-172 (1989)

Black HR. "The coronary artery disease paradox. The role of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance and implications for therapy." J. Cardiovascular Pharmacol. 15:265-385 (1990)

Blakenhorn DH Nessim SA, Johnson RL, Sanmarco ME, Azen SP, and Cahsin-Hamphill L. "Benefical effectsof combined colestipol-niacin therapy in coronary atherosclerosis and coronary venous bypass grafts." JAMA 257: 3233-3240 (1987)

Blankenhorn DH, Azen SP, Kramsch DM, Mack MJ, Cashlin-Hemphill L, Hodis HN, DeBoer LWV, Mahrer RP, Masteller MJ, Vailas LI, Alaupovic P, Hirsch LJ, and MARS Research Group. "Coronary angiographic changes with lovastatin therapy: the monitored atherosclerotic regression study (MARS)" Ann. Int. Med. 119: 969-976 (1993)

Brenner RR. "Nutritional and hormonal factors influencing desaturation of essential fatty acids." Prog. Lipid Res. 20: 41-47 (1982)

Baba T and Neugebauer S. "The link between insulin resistance and hypertension: effects of antihypertensive and antihyperlipidaemic drugs on insulin senisitivity." Drugs 47: 383-404 (1994)

Burnand B. and Feinstein AR. "The role of diagnostic inconsistency in changing rates of occurence for coronary heart diseas." J. Clin. Epidemol. 45: 929-940 (1992)

Chen YD, Coulston AM, Ming-Yue Z, Hollenbeck CB, and Reaven GM. "Why do low-fat high-carbohydrate diets accentuate postprandial lipemia in patients with NIDDM?" Diabetes Care 18 10-16 (1995)

Committee of Principal Investigators. "A co-operative trial in primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using clofibrate." Br. Heart J. 40: 1069-1118 (1978)

Dayton S and Pearce ML. "Prevention of coronary heart disease and other
complications of arteriosclerosis by modified diet." Amer. J. Med. 46: 751-762 (1969)

Dehmer GJ, Popma JJ, van den Ber EK, Eichorn, EJ, Prewitt JB, Campbell WB, Jennings L, Willerson JT, and Schmitz JM. "Reduction in the rate of early restenosis after coronary angioplsty by a diet supplemented with n-3 fatty acids." N. Engl. J. Med. 319: 733-740 (1988)

Donahue RR, Abbott RD, Bloom E, Reed DM, and Yano K. "Central obesity and coronary heart disease in men." Lancet i: 820-823 (1987)

Duimetiere P, Eschwege E., Papoz G., Richard JL, Claude JR, and Rosselin G. "Relaltionship of plasma insulin to the incidence of myocardial infaction and coronary heart diease mortality in a middle-aged population." Diabetologia 19: 205-210 (1980)

Ducimetiere P, Richard JL, and Cambrien I. "The pattern of subcutaneous fat distribution in middel-aged men and risk of coronary heart disease." Int. J. Obesity 10: 229-240 (1986)

Eschwege E, Richard JL, Thibult N, Ducimetiere P, Warsnot JM, Claude JR, and Rosselin GE. "Coronary heart disease mortality in relation with diabetes, blood glucose, and plasma insulin levels." Horm Metab. Res. Suppl. 15: 41-46 (1985)

Facchini FS, Hollenbeck CB, Jeppeson J, Chen Y-D, and Reaven GM. "Insulin resistance and cigarette smoking." Lancet 339: 1128-1130 (1992)

Ferrannini E, Buzzigoli G, Bonadonna R, Giorico MA, Oleggini M, Grazideli L, Pedrinelli R, Brand L, and Beviacqua S. "Insulin resistance in essential hypertension." N. Engl. J. Med. 317: 350-357 (1987)

Foster D. "Insulin resistance-a secret killer?" N. Engl. J. Med. 320: 733-734 (1989)

Frick HM, Elo O, Haapa K, Keinonem OP, Heinsalmi P, Halo P, Huttunen JK, Kaitaniemi P, Koskinen P, Manninen V, Maenapaa H, Malkonen M, Manttari M, Norola S, Pasternack A, Pikkarinen J, Romo M, Sjoblom P, and Mikkla EA. "Helsinki Heart Study: primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men wih hyperlipidemia." N. Engl. J. Med. 317: 1237-1245 (1987)

Farquhar JW, Frank A, Gross RC, and Reaven GM. "Glucose, insulin, and
triglyceride responses to high and low carbohydrate diets in man." J. Clin. Invest. 45 1648-1656 (1966)

Frantz ID, Dawson EA, Ashman PL, Gatewood LC, Barsch GE, Kuba K, and
Brewer ER. "Test of effect of lipid lowering by diet on cardiovascular risk: the Minnesota coronary survey." Arteriosclerosis 9: 129-135 (1989)

Garg A, Grudy SM, and Unger RH. "Comparison of effects of high and low
carbohydrate diets on plasma lipoproteins and insulin senisivity in patients with mild NIDDM." Diabetes 41: 1278-1285 (1992)

Garg A, Bantle JP, Henry RR, Coulston AM, Griven KA, Raatz SK, Brinkley L, Chen I, Grundy SM, Huet BA, and Reaven GM. "Effects of varying carbohydrate content of diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." JAMA 271: 1421-1428 (1994)

Gaziano JM, Burning JE, Breslow JL, Goldhaber SZ, Rosner B, van Denburgh M, Willett WC, and Hennekens CH. "Moderate alcohol intake, increased levels of high-density lipoproteins and its subfractions, and decreased risk of myocardial infarctions." N. Engl. J. Med. 329: 1829-1834 (1993)

Gertler M, Leetma HE, Saluste E, Rosenberger JL, and Guthrie RG. "Ischemic heart disease, insulin, carbohydrate and lipid inter-relationship." Circulation 46: 103-111 (1972)

Ginsberg H, Olefsky JM, Kimmerling G, Crapo P, and Reaven GM. "Induction of hypertriglyceridemia by a low-fat diet." J. Clin Endocrinol. Metab. 42 729-735 (1976)

Grunze M and Deuticke B. "Changes of membrane permeability due to extensive cholesterol depletion in mammalian erthrocytes." Biochim. Biophys Acta 356: 125-130 (1974)

Gruss JD. "Experience with PGE1 in patients with phlegmasia coerulea dolens and ergothism." in Prostaglandin E1 in Atherosclerosis. Sinzinger H and Rogatti W. eds. Spinger-Verlag. New York, NY. pp. 97-105 (1986)

Hach W, Zanke BW, Sauerwein G, and Ozen Y. "Treatment of Stage IIb peripheral arterial occulsive disease with short-term intra-arterial infusion of prostaglandin E1 in Prostaglandin E1 in Atherosclerosis. Sinzinger H and Rogatti W. eds. Spinger-Verlag. New York, NY. pp. 66-74. (1986)

Hjermann I, Home I, Velve-Byre K, and LerenP. "Effect of diet and smoking intervention on incidence of coronary heart diesease" Lancet ii: 1303-1310 (1981)

Hollenbeck C and Reaven GM. "Variation of insulin sitmulated glucose uptake in healthy individuals with normal glucose tolerance." J. Clin Endocrinol. Metab. 64: 1169-1173 (1987)

Hrboticky N, Tang B, Zimmer B., Lux I, and Weber PC. "Lovastatin increases arachidonic acid levels and stimulates thromboxane synthesis in human liver and monocytic cell lines." J. Clin. Invest. 93: 195-203 (1994)

Jones PM and Persaud SJ. "Arachidonic acid as a second messenger in
glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells." J. Endocrinol. 137: 7-14 (1993)

Kannel WB, Doyle JT, Ostfield AM, Jenkins CD, Kuller L, Podell RN, and Stemler J. Optimal resouces for primary prevention of atherosclerotic diseases. Circulation 70: 157A-205A (1984)

Kaplan N. "The deadly quartet: upper body obesity, glucose intolerance,
hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension." Arch. Int. Med. 149: 1514-1520 (1989)

Knapp HR, Reilly IAG, Alessandrini P, and FitzGerald GA. "In vivo indexes of platelet and vascular function during fish-oil administration in patients with atherosclerosis." N. Engl. J. Med. 314: 937-42 (1986)

Kromhout D, Bosscheter EB, and Coulander CL. "The inverse relationship between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease." N. Engl. J. Med. 312: 1205-1209 (1985)

Krone W, Klass A, Nagele H., Behnke B, and Greten H. "Effects of prostaglandin E1 on low density lipoprotein receptor activity and cholesterol synthesis in freshly isolated human mononuclear leukocytes." in Prostaglandin E1 in Atherosclerosis. Sinzinger H and Rogatti W. eds. Spinger-Verlag. New York, NY. pp. 32-38.(1986)

Krumholz HM, Seeman TE, Merrill SS, Mendes de Leon CF, Vaccarino V,
Silverman DI, Tsukahara R, Ostfield AM, and Berkman LF. "Lack of association between cholesterol and coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity and all-cause mortality in persons older than 70 years." JAMA 272: 1335-1340 (1994)

Kuczmarshi RJ, Flegal KM, Campbell, SM, and Joshnson CL. "Increasing
revelance of overweight among U.S. adults." JAMA 272: 205-211 (1994)

Lakshmanan MR, Nepokroeff CM, Ness GC, Dugan RE, and Porter JW.
"Stimulation by insulin of rat liver beta hydroxy methyl HMGCoA and cholesterol synthesizing activities". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 50: 704-710 (1973)

Larsson B., Svarsudd K, Welin L, Wilhelmssen L, Bjorntorp P, and Tilbin G. "Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and death." Br. Med. J. 288: 1401-1404 (1984)

Laws A, King AC, Haskell WL, and Reaven GM. "Relation of fasting plasma
insulin concentrations to high density lipoprotein cholesterol and trigylceride concentrations in man." Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 11: 1636-1642 (1991)

Lewis DH, Davis JW, Archibald DG, Steinte WE, Smitherman TC, Doherty JE, Schnaper HW, LeWinter MM, Linares E., Pouget JM, Sabharwal SC, Chandler E, and DeMotis H. "Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina." N. Engl. J. Med. 309: 396-403 (1983)

MAAS Investigators. "Effect of simvastatin on coronary atheroma: the multicentre anti-atheroma study (MAAS)." Lancet 344: 633-638 (1994)

McCormick J and Skrabanek P. "Coronary heart disease is not preventable by population interventions." Lancet ii: 839-841 (1988)

Modan M, Or J, Karasik A, Drory Y, Fuchs Z, Lusky A, and Cherit A.
"Hyperinsulinemia, sex, and risk of athersclerotic cardiovascular disease." Circulation 84: 1165-1175 (1991)

Morgan WA, Paskin P, and Rosenstock J. "A comparison of fish oil or corn oil supplements in hyperlipidemic subjects with NIDDM." Diabetes Care 18 83-86 (1995)

Morrow JD, Frei B, Longmire AW, Gaziano JM, Lynch SM, Shyr Y, Strauss WE, JA Oates, and Roberts LJ. "Increase in circulating products of lipid peroxidation (F2-isoprostanes) in smokers." N Engl J Med 332: 1198-1203 (1995)

Medical Research Council Working Party. "MRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension." Brit. Med. J. 291: 97-104 (1985)

Muldoon MF., Manrick SB, and Matthews KA. "Lowering cholesterol
concentrations and moralty: a quantitive review of primary prevention trials." Br. Med. J. 301: 309-314 (1990)

Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. "Mutiple risk factor intervention trial." JAMA 248: 1465-1477 (1982) Nestler JE, Beer NA, Jakubowicz DJ, Colombo C, and Beer RM. "Effects of insulin reduction with benfluorex on serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and blood pressure in hypertensive middle-aged and elderly men." J. ClinEndocrinol Metab 80 700-706 (1995)

Oates JA, FitzGerald GA, Branch RA, Jackson EK, Knapp HP, and Roberts LJ. "Clinical implications of prostaglandin and thromboxane A2 formation" N. Engl. J. Med. 319: 689-698 (1988)

Oates JA, FitzGerald GA, Branch RA, Jackson EK, Knapp HP, and Roberts LJ. "Clinical implications of prostaglandin and thromboxane A2 formation" N. Engl. J. Med. 319: 761-767 (1988)

Ornish D, Brown SE, Scherwitz LW, Billings JH, Kirkeeide RL, Brand RJ, and Gould KL. "Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease?" Lancet 336:129-133 (1990)

Parillo M, Rivellese AA, Ciardullo AV, Capaldo B, Giacco A, Genovese S, and Riccardi G. "A high-monounsaturated-fat/low carbohydrate diet improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients." Metab. 41: 1373-1378 (1992)

Pelikanova T, lKohout M, Base J, Steka Z, Dovar J, DAzdova L, and Valek J. "Effect of acute hyperinsulinemia on fatty acid composition of serum lipids in non-insulin dependent diabetics and healthy men." Clinica Chim. Acta 203: 329-338 (1991)

Peris AN, SLothmann MS, Hoffman RG, Hennes MJ, Wilson CR, Gustafson AB, and Kissbah AH. "Adiposity, fat distribution and cardiovascular risk." Ann. Int. Med. 110: 867-872 (1989)

Pyorala K, Savolainen E, Kaukula S, and Haapakowski J. "Plasma insulin as coronary heart disease risk factor." Acad Med. Scand 701: 38-52 (1985)

Reaven GM. "Role of insulin resistance in human disease." Diabetes 37: 1595-1607 (1989)

Reaven GM and Hoffman B. "Abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism may play a role in the etiology and clinical course of hypertension." Trend in Pharm. Sci. 9: 78-79 (1988)

Reaven GM. "The role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in coronary heart disease." Metab. 41: 16-19 (1992)

Reaven GM. "Syndrome X: 6 years later." J. Intern. Med. Suppl. 736 13-22 (1994)

Renaud S and de Lorgeril M. "Wine alcohol, platelets and the French paradox for coronary heart disease." Lancet 339: 1523-1526 (1992)

Ross R. "The pathogensis of atherosclerosis." N. Engl. J. Med. 314: 488-500 (1986)

Rodwell VW, Nordstrom JL, and Mitschelen. "Regulation of HMG-CoA reductase.". Adv. Lipid Res. 14: 1-76 (1976)

Ruderman N and Haudenschild C. "Diabetes as an atherogenic factor." Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 26: 373-412 (1984)

Sacca L, Perez G., Pengo F., Pascucci I, and Conorelli M. "Reduction of
circulating insulin levels during the infusion of different prostaglandins in the rat." Acta Endocrinol. 79: 266-274 (1975)

Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. "Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian simvastatin survivial study (4S)." Lancet 344: 1383-1389 (1994)

Schwartz LCJ, Valente AJ, Sprague EA, Kelley JL, Cayatte AJ, and Rozek MM. "Pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion." Diabetes Care 15: 1156-1167 (1992)

Sheu WH, Shieh SM, Shen DD, Fuh MM, Jeng CY, Chen YD, and Reaven GM. "Effect of pravastatin treatment on glucose, insulin, and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with hypercholesterolemia." Am. Heart J. 127 331-336 (1994)

Silver MJ, Hock W, Kocsis JJ, Ingerman CM, and Smith JB. "Arachidonic acid caudes sudden death in rabbits." Science 183: 1085-1087 (1974)

Sinzinger H. "Inhibition of mitotic and proliferative activity of smooth muscle cell by prostaglandin E1." in Prostaglandin E1 in Atherosclerosis. Sinzinger H and Rogatti W. (eds) pp. 37-48. Spinger-Verlag. New York, NY. (1986)

Smith DL, Willis AL, Nguyen N, Conner D, Zahedi S., and Fulks J. "Eskimo plasma constituents, dihomo gamma linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid inhibit the release of atherogenic mitogens." Lipids 24: 70-75 (1989)

Stein PP and Black HR. "Drug treatment of hypertension in patients with diabetes amellitus." Diabetes Care 14: 425-448 (1991)

Stern MP and Haffner SM. "Bodyfat distribution and hyperinsulinemia as risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease" Arteriosclerosis 6: 123-130 (1986)

Sterring Committe of Physicians Health Study Research Group. "Preliminary Report: finds for aspirin component of the ongoing physician healt study." N. Engl. J. Med. 320: 262-264 (1988)

Stolar M. "Atherosclerosis in diabetes: the role of hyperinsulinemia." Metabol. 37: 1-9 (1988)

Stout R. "Insulin and atheroma-an update." Lancet i: 1077-1079 (1987)

Stout R. "The relationship of abnormal circulating insulin levels to atherosclerosis." Atherosclerosis 27: 1-13 (1977)

Waters D, Higginson L, Gladstone P, Kimball B, LeMay M, Boccuzzi SJ,
Lesperance J, and CCAILT Study Group. "Effects of monotherapy with HMG CoA reductase inhibitor on progression of atherosclerosis as assessed by serial arteriography: the Canadian coronary atherosclerosis intervention trial (CCAIT)". Circulation 89: 959-968 (1994)

Welborn TA and Wearne K. "Coronary heart disesae incidience and cardiovascular mortality in Brusselton with reference to glucose and insulin concentrations." Diabetes Care 2: 154-160 (1979)

Wilhelmsen L, Berglund G and Elmfeldt D. "The multifactoral primary prevention trial in Goteburg, Sweden." Eur. Heart J. 7: 279-288 (1981)

WHO European Collaborative Group. "European collaborative trial of multifactoral prevention of coronary heart disease: final report on 6 year results>" Lancet i:869-872 (1986)

WHO European Collaborative Group. "Multifactoral trial in the prevention of coronary heart disease: 3. incidence and mortality results." Eur. Heart J. 4: 141-147 (1983)

Zavaroni I, Bonora E, Pagliara M, Dall'Aglio E, Luchetti L, Buonnanno G, Bonati PA, Bergonzani M, Gnudi L, Passeri M, and Reaven G. "Risk factors for coronary artery diseae in healthy persons with hyperinsulinemia and normal glucose tolerance." N. Engl. J. Med. 320: 702-706 (1989)

Zavroni I, Bonini L, Fantuzzi M, Dall'Aglio E, Passeri M, and Reaven GM.
"Hyperinsulinemia, obesity, and syndrome X." J. Intern. Med. 235 51-56 (1994)

Zimmet P and Baba S. "Central obesity, glucose intolerance and other
cardiovascular risk factors." Diabetes Res. Clin Proc. 16: S167-S171 (1990)

Chapter 14--Cancer and the Zone
Books
Kushi M and Kushi A. "Macrobiotic Diet".Japan Publications. New York, NY. (1985)

Ninnemann JL. "Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and the Immune Response." Cambridge Press. New York, NY. (1988)

Quillin P. "Beating Cancer with Nutrition". Nutrition Times Press. Tulsa, OK (1994)

Tahler-Dao H, Crastes de Paulet A, and Paoletti R (eds). "Icosanoids and Cancer". Raven Press. New York 1984)

Weindruch R and Walford RL. "The Relationship of Aging and Disease by Dietary Restriction". C.C. Thomas. Springfield, IL (1988)

Articles
Bailar JC and Smith EM. "Progress against cancer?". N. Engl. J. Med. 314: 1226-1232 (1986)

Bankhurst AD. "Modulation of human natural killer cell activity by prostaglandins." J. Clin. Lab. Immunology 7: 85-91 (1982)

Braverman AS. "Medical Oncology in the 1990s." Lancet 337: 901-902 (1991)

Bruning PF, Bonfrer MG, van Noord PAH, Hart AAM, de Jong-Bakken M, and Nooijen WJ. "Insulin resistance and breast cancer." Int. J. Cancer 52: 511-516 (1992)

Carter JP, Saxe GP, Newbold V, Peres CE, Campeau RJ, and Bernal-Green L. "Hypothesis: dietary mangement may improve survival from nutritionally linked cancers based on analysis of representative cases." J. Am. College of Nutr. 12: 209-226 (1993)

Chapkin RS, Somers SD, and Erickson KL. "Dietary manipulation of macrophage phospholipid classes." Lipids 23: 766-770 (1988)

Enders, S, Ghorbani R, Kelly VE, Georgilis K, Lonneman G, van der Meer JWM, Cannon JG, Rogers TS, Klempner MS, Weber PC, Schaefer EJ, Wolff SM, and Dinarello CA. "The effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the synthesis of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by mononuclear cells." N. Engl. J. Med. 320: 265-271 (1989)

Folkman J. "What is the evidence that tumors are angiogenesis dependent?" J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 82: 4-6 (1990)

Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Ascherio A, and Wilett WC. "Intake of fat, meat, and fiber in relation to risk of colon cancer in men." Cancer Res. 54: 2390-2397 (1994)

Giovannucci E, Rimm Eb, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Chute CC, and Willett WC. "A prospective study of dietary fat and risk of prostate cancer." J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 85: 1571-1579 (1993)

Gordon D, Bray MA, and Morley J. "Control of hymphokine secretion by
prostaglandins." Nature 262: 401-402 (1976)

Grant JP. "Proper use and recognized role of TPN in the cancer patient." Nutrition 6: 6S-7S (1990)

Honn KV, Nelson KK, Renaud C, Bazaz R, Diglio CA, and Timar J. "Fatty acid modulation of tumor cell adhension to microvessel endothelium and experimental metasis." Prostaglandins 44: 413-429 (1992)

Kaye SA, Folsom AR, Soler JT, Prineas RJ, and Patten JD. "Association of body mass and fat distribution in sex hormone concentrations in post menopausal women" Int. J. Epidemiol. 20: 151-156 (1991)

Leung KH and Koren HS. "Regulation of human natural killing: protective effect of interferon on NK cells and suppression by PGE2." J. Immunol. 129: 1742-1747 (1982)

Liu B, Marnett LJ, Chaudhary A, Ji C, Blair IA, Johnson CR, Diglio CA, and Honn KV. "Biosynthesis of 12-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid by B16 amelanotic melanoma cells is a determinant of their metastatic potential." Lab. Invest. 70: 314-323 (1994)

Meydani SN. "Modulation of cytokine production by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids." Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 200: 189-193 (1992)

Murota S, Kanayasu T, Nakano-Hayashi J, and Morita I. "Involvement of
eicosanoids in angiogensis" Adv. Prostaglandins, Thromoboxanes and Leukotriene Res. 21: 623-625 (1990)

Nasser BA, Huang YS, Manku MS, Das UN, Morse N, and Horrobin DF. "The influence of dietary manipulaltion with n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on liver and plasma phospholipids in rat." Lipids 21: 652-656 (1986)

Okusawa S, Gelfand JA, Ikejima T, Connolly RJ, and Dinarello CA. "Interleukin 1 induces a shock-like state in rabbits. Synergism with tumor necrosis factor and the effect of cycloooxygenase inhibition." J. Clin. Invest. 82: 1162-1172 (1988)

Rappaport RS and Dodge GR. "Prostglandin E inhibits the production of human interleukin 2." J. Exp. Med. 155: 943-948 (1982)

Schapira DV, Kumar NB, Lyman GH, and Cox CE. "Abdominal obesity and breast cancer risk." Ann. Int. Med. 112: 182-186 (1990)

Schartzken A, Greewold P, Byar DP, and Clifford CK. "The dietary fat-breast cancer hypothesis is alive." JAMA 261: 3284-3287 (1989)

Seller TA, Kushi L, Potter JD, Kaye SA, Nelson CL, McGovern PG, and Folsom AR. "Effect of family history, body fat distribution, and reproductive factors on the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer." N. Eng. J. Med. 326: 1323-1329 (1992)

Serhan CN. "Lipoxin biosynthesis and its impact in inflammatory and vascular events." Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1212: 1-25 (1994)

Temple NJ and Burkitt DP. "The war on cancer-failure of therapy and research." J. Royal Soc. Med. 84: 95-98 (1991)

Weindruch R. "Effect of caloric restriction on age-associated cancers." Exp. Gerontol. 27: 575-581 (1992)

Willett WC, Hunter DJ, Stampfer MJ, Colditz G, Manson JE, Spegelman D, Rosner B, Hennekens CH, and Speizer FE. "Dietary fat and fiber in relation to risk of breast cancer." JAMA 268: 2037-2044 (1992)

Chapter 15--Chronic Diseases and the Zone
Books
Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, and Taylor P. (eds). "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th Edition". Pergamon Press. New York, NY (1990)

Horrobin DF (ed). "Omega 6 Essential Fatty Acids". Wiley-Liss. New York, NY (1990)

Jefferies WM. "Safe Uses of Cortisone". C.C. Thomas. Springfield, IL (1981)

Root-Bernstein R. "Rethinking AIDS". Free Press. New York, NY (1993)

Schlemier RP, Claman HN, and Oronsky A (eds.). Anti-inflammatory Steroid Action." Academic Press. San Diego, CA (1989)

Ruzicka T (ed). Eicosanoids and the Skin. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. (1990)

Articles
Abdulla YH, and Hamadah K. "Effect of ADP on PGE formation in blood
platelets from patients with depression, mania, and schizophrenia." Br. J. Psychiarty 127: 591-595 (1975)

Aberg J. "Prostaglandin production in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis." J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 4: 226-250 (1990)

Ascher MS and Sheppard HW. "AIDS as immune system activation." J. Acquired Immune Deficency Syndromes 3: 177-191 (1990)

Bamford JTM, Gibson RW, and Reiner CM. "Atopic eczema unresponsive to evening primrose oil." J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 13: 959-965 (1985)

Behan PO, Behan WMH, and Horrobin DF. "Effect of high doses of essential fatty acids on postviral fatigue syndrome." Acta Neurol Scand. 82: 209-216 (1990)

Belch JJF, Ansell D, M adhok R, O'Dowd A, and Sturock RD. "Effects of altering dietary essential fatty acids with prostaglandin E1 precursors cis-linoleic acid and gamma linolenic acid." Scand. J. Rhumatol. 12 85-89 (1988)

Belch JJF, Ansell D, Madhok R, O'Dowd A, and Sturrock RD. "Effects of altering dietary essential fatty acids on requirements for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Ann. Rheum. Disease 47: 96-104 (1988)

Bjorneboe A, Soyland E, Bjorneboe GEA, Rajha G, and Drevon G. "Effect of
dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid in treatmetn of atopic dermatitis." Br. J. Dermatol. 117: 463-469 (1987)

Blackburn M. "Uses of Efamol for depression and hyperactivity in children." in Omgea 6 Essential Fatty Acids. Horrobin DF (ed). Wiley-Liss. New York, NY pp. 345-350 (1990)

Bittiner BS, Cartwright I, Tucker WFG, and Bleehen SS. "A double-blind,
randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil in psoriasis." Lancet i: 378-380 (1988)

Brush MG, Watson, Horrobin DF, and Manku MS. "Abnormal essential fatty acid levels in plasma of women with premenstrual syndrome." Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 150: 363-366 (1984)

Cerin A, Collins A, Landgren BM, and Eneroth P. "Hormonal and biochemical profiles of premenstrual syndrome: treatment with essential fatty acids." Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 72: 337-343 (1993)

Cupps TR and Fauci AS. "Corticosteroid-mediated immunoregulation in man." Immunol. Rev. 65: 133-155 (1982)

Dupont E, Schandene L, Devos R, Lambermont M, and Wybran J. "Depletion of lymphocytes with membrane markers of helper phenotype: a feature of acute and chronic drug-induced immunosuppression." Clin. Exp. Immunol. 51: 345-350 (1983)

Earle CM, Keogh EJ, Wisniewski ZS, Tulloch AGS, Lord DJ, Watters GR, and Ghatthaar C. "Prostaglandin E1 therapy for impotence, comparison with papaverine." J. Urology 143: 57-59 (1990)

Fauci AS and Dale DC. "The effect of in vivo hydrocortisone on subpopulation of human lymphocytes." J. Clin. Invest. 53: 240-246 (1974)

French JM. "MaxEPA in multiple sclerosis." Brit J. Clin. Med. 38: 117-121 (1984)

Giron DJ. "Inhibition of viral replication in cell cultures treated with prostaglandin E1." Proc. Soc. Exp. Bio. Med. 170: 25-28 (1982)

Glen EMT, MacDonald LEF, Glen AIM, and Mac Kenszie J. "Possible
pharmacological approaches to the prevention and treatment of alcohol-related CNS impairment." in Pharmacological Treatments for Alcoholism. Edwards G and Littleton J (eds.). Croom Helms. London, England. pp311-350 (1984)

Godschalk M, Chen J, Katz PG, and Mulligan T. "Prostaglandin E1 as treatment for rectile failure in elderly men." J. Am. Geriatr Soc. 42: 1263-1265 (1994)

Haynes BF and Fauci AS. "The differential effects of in vivo hydrocortisone on kinetics of subpopulations of human peripheral blood thymus-derived lymphocytes." J. Clin. Invest. 61: 703 707 (1978)

Hedqvist P. "Effects of prostaglandins on autonomic neurotransmission." in Prostaglandins: Physiological, pharmcological and pathological aspects. Karin SSM ed. MLTP Press. Lancaster, England. pp 37-62 (1976)

Horrobin DF, Durand LG, and Manku MS. "Prostaglandin E1 modifies nerve conduction and interferes with local anaesthetic action." Prostaglandins 14: 103-112 (1977)

Horton EW. "Actions of prostaglandin E1, E2, and E3 on central nervous system." Brit. J. Pharmacol. 22: 189-192 (1964)

Kremer JM, Michalek AV, Lininger L, Huyck C, Bigarroette J, Timchalk MA, Rynes RI, Zieminshi J, and Bartholomew LE. "Effects of manipulation of dietary fatty acids on clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis." Lancet i: 184-187 (1985)

Kremer JM, Jubiz W, and Michaslek A Rynes RI, Bartholomew LE, Biagouette J, Timchalk M, Beeler D, and Linnger L. "Fish-oil supplementation in active rheumatoid arthritis." Ann. Int. Med. 106: 497-503 (1987)

Kunkel SL, Fantone JC, Ward PA, and Zurier RB. "Modualtion of inflammatory reaction by prostaglandins." Prog. Lipid Res. 20: 633-640 (1982)

Kunkel SL, Thrall SB, Kunkel RG, McCormick JR, Ward PA, and Zurier RB. "Suppression of immune complex vasculitis in rats by prostaglandin." J. Clin Invest. 64: 1525-1529 (1979)

Kuno S, Ueno R, Hayaishi O, Nakashima H, Harada S, and Yamamoto N.
"Prostaglandin E2, a seminal constuent, facilitates the replication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus in vitro." Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 3487-3490 (1986)

Lee TH, Hoover RL, Williams JD, Sperling RI, Ravalese J, Spur BW, Robinson DR, Corey EJ, Lewis RA, and Austen KF. "Effect of dietary enrichment with eicosapentaenoic acid and docasahexaenoic acid acid on in vitro neurophil and monocyte leukotriene generation and neurophil function." N. Engl. J. Med. 312: 1217-1224 (1985)

Margaro M, Altomonte L, Zoli A, Mirone L, DeSole D, DiMario G, Lippa S. and Oradei A. "Influence of diet with different lipid composition on neutrophil chemiluminescence and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis."Ann. Rheum. Dis. 47: 793-796 (1988)

Manku MS, Oka M, and Horrobin DF. "Differential regulation of the formation of prostaglandins and related substances from arachidonic acid and dihomo gamma linolenic acid: effects of ethanol." Prostaglandins Med. 3: 119-128 (1979)

Nervi AM, Peluffo RO, and Brenner RR. "Effect of ethanol adminstration in fatty desaturation." Lipids 15: 263-268 (1980)

Neu I, Mallinger J, Wildfeuer A, and Mehler L. "Leukotrienes in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients." Acta Neurol. Scand. 86: 586-587 (1992)

Ochermann PA, Bachrock I, Glans S, and Rqassner S. "Evening primrose oil as a treatment of the premenstrual syndrome." Rec. Adv. Clin. Nutr. 2: 404-405 (1986)

Pluda JM, Yarchoan R, Jaffe ES, Feuerstein IM, Solomon D, Steinber SM, KM Wyvill, Raubitschi A, Katz D, and Broder S. "Development of non-hodgkin lymphoma in a chort of patients with severe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on long-term antiretroviral therpy." Ann. Int. Med. 113: 276-282 (1990)

Prickett JD, Robinson DR, and Steinberg AD. "Dietary enrichment with
polyunsaturated acid eicosapentaenoic acid prevents proteinuria and prolongs survival in NZBxNZW F1 mice." J. Clin. Invest. 68: 556-559 (1981)

Pulse TL and Uhlig E. "A significant improvement in a clinical pilot study utilizing nutritional supplements, essential fatty acids, and stabilized aloe vera juice in 29 HIV seropositive ARC and AIDS patients." J. Adv. Med. 3: 209-230 (1990)

Puolakka J, Makarainen L, Viinikka L, and Ylikorkala O. " Biochemical and clinical effects of treating the premenstrual syndrom with prostaglandin synthesis precursors." J. Reprod. Med. 30: 149-153 (1985)

Rotrosen J, Mandio D., Segarnick D, Traficante LJ, and Gershon S. "Ethanol and prostaglandin E1: biochemical and behaviorabl interactions." Life Sci. 26: 1867-1876 (1980)

Segarnick DJ, Ryer H, and Rotrosen J. "Precursor and pool-dependent differential effects of ethanol on human platelets prostanoid synthesis." Biochem. Pharmacol. 34: 1343-146 (1985)

Schroeder HC. "Avarol restores the altered prostaglandin and leukotriene
metabolism in monocytes infected with HIV Type I." Virus Res. 21: 213-223 (1991)

Swank RL and Dugan BB. "Effect of low saturated fat diet in early and late cases of multiple sclerosis." Lancet 336: 37-39 (1990)

Uda R, Horiguchi S, Ito S, Hyodo M, and Hayaishi O. "Nociceptive effects
induced by intrathecal adminstration of prostaglandin D2, E2, and F2 alpha in conscious mice." Brain Res. J. 10: 26-32 (1990)

Volberding PA, Lagakos SW, Grimes JM, Stein DS, Balfour HH, Reichman RC, Bartlett JA, Hirsch MS, Phair AP, Mitsuyasu RT, Fischi MA, and Soeiro R. "The duration of zidovudine benefit in persons with asymptomatic HIV infection." JAMA 272: 437-442 (1994)

Williams LL, Doody DM, and Horrocks LA. "Serum fatty acid proportions are altered during the year following acute Epstein-Barr virus infection." Lipids 23: 981-988 (1988)

Wright S and Burton JL. "Oral evening primrose seed oil improves atopic eczema." Lancet ii: 1120 122 (1982)

Ziboh VA, Cohen KA, Ellis CM, Miller C, Hamilton RA, Kragballe, K, Hydrich CR, and Voorhees JJ. "Effects of dietary supplementation of fish oil on neutrophil and epidermal fatty acids." Arch Dermatol. 122: 1277-1282 (1986)

Ziboh VA and Miller CC. "Essential fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids: significance in cutaneous biology." Ann Rev. Nutr. 10: 433-450 (1990)

Zurier RB. "Prostaglandins, immune responses and murine lupus." Arth. Rheum. 25: 804-809 (1982)

Zurier RB. "Eicosanoids and inflammation." in Prostaglandins in Clinical Practice. Watkins WD, Peterson MB, and Flectcher JR (eds). Raven Press. New York, NY pp. 79-96 (1989)

Chapter 16-The Zone and Life Extension

Books
Hayflick L. "How and Why We Age." Ballatine. New York, NY. (1994)

Walford RL. "The 120 Year Diet." Simon and Shuster. New York, NY (1986)

Weindruch R and Walford RL. "The Retardation of Aging and Disease by Dietary Restriction." C.C. Thomas. Springfield, IL (1988)

Articles
Cerami A. "Hypothesis: glucose as a mediator of aging." J. Am. Geriatr Soc. 33: 626-634 (1985)

Kagawa Y. "Impact of westernization on the nutrition of Japanense: changes in physique, cancer, longevity, and centenarians. Prev. Med. 7: 205-217(1978)

Kemnitz JW, Weindruch R, Roecher EB, Crawford K, Kaufman PL, and Ershler WB. "Dietary restriction of adult male rhesus monkeys: design, methodology and preliminary findings for the first year of study." J. Gertonology 48: B17-B26 (1993)

Laganiere S, and Yu BP. "Anti-lipoperoxidation action of food restriction." Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 45 1185-1189 (1987)

Laganiere S, Yu BP, and Masoro EJ. "Inhibition of membrane lipoperoxidation and modulation of antioxidant status by food restriction." Fed Proc. 46: 567-570 (1987)

Lok E, Scott FW, Mongeau R, Nera EA, Malcolm S, and Clayson DB. "Calorie restricition and cellular proliferation in various tissues of the female Swiss Webster mouse." Cancer Letters 51: 67-73 (1990)

MaCay CM, Crowell MF, and Maynard LA. "The effect of retarded growth upon the length of the life span and upon ultimate body size." J. Nutr. 10: 63-79 (1935)

Masoro EJ. "Food restiction and the aging process." J. Am. Geriatric Soc. 32: 296-300 (1984)

Masoro EJ, Katz MS, and McMahan CA. "Evidence for the glycation hypothesis of aging from the food-restricted rodent model." J. Gerontol. Biol. Sci. 41: B20-B22 (1989)

Masoro EJ, McCarter RJM, Katz MS, and McMahan CA. "Dietary restriction alters characteristics of glucose fuel use." J. Gerontol. Biol. Sci. 47: B202-B208 (1992)

Masoro EJ. "Retardation of aging processes by food restriction." Am J. Clin. Nutr. 55: 1250S-1252S (1992)

Reaven E, Wright D. Mondon CE, Ho H, and Reaven GM. "Effect of age and diet on insulin secretion and insulin action in the rat." Diabetes 32: 175-180 (1983)

Reaven GM and Reaven EP. "Prevention of age-related hypertiglyceridemia by caloric restriction and exercise training in the rat." Metab. 30: 982-986(1981)

Vallego EA. La dieta del hambre a dias alternos in la alimentacion de los viejos." Rev. Clin. Exp. 63: 25-31 (1957)

Walford RL, Harris SB, and Gunion MW. "The calorically restricted low-fat nutrient-dense diet in Biosphere 2 significantly lower blood glucose, total leukocycte count, cholesterol and blood pressure in humans." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 11533-11537 (1992)

Young JB, Mullen D, and Landsberg L. "Caloric restriction lowers blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat." Metab. 27: 1711-1714 (1978)